JavaScript functions and Types of functions

In JavaScript, functions are fundamental building blocks used to perform a specific task or calculate a value. They are first-class citizens, meaning they can be:

1. Stored in variables- Functions can be assigned to variables.
2. Passed as arguments - Functions can be passed as arguments to other functions.
3. Returned from other functions - Functions can be returned from other functions.
4. Created dynamically - Functions can be created dynamically during runtime.

Types of Functions in JavaScript:

1. Named Functions:
   • Function Declaration:

                   
                       function add(a, b) {
                           return a + b;
                         }                      
                   
               

2. Anonymous Functions:
   • Function Expression:

                   
                       const multiply = function(a, b) {
                           return a * b;
                         };                      
                   
               

3. Arrow Functions (ES6+):
   • Arrow functions provide a concise syntax, especially for short functions.

                   
                       const square = (x) => x * x;
                   
               

4. IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression):
   • Functions that are executed immediately after being created.

                   
                       (function() {
                           // code here
                         })();                      
                   
               

5. Constructor Functions:
   • Used to create objects with a shared prototype.

                   
                       function Person(name, age) {
                           this.name = name;
                           this.age = age;
                         }
                         
                         const person = new Person('Alice', 30);                      
                   
               

6. Generator Functions (ES6+):
   • Functions that can be paused and resumed.

                   
                       function* generator() {
                           yield 1;
                           yield 2;
                           yield 3;
                         }                      
                   
               

7. Higher-Order Functions:
   • Functions that take other functions as arguments or return them.

                   
                       function higherOrderFunction(func) {
                           return func(2, 3);
                         }
                         
                         function multiply(a, b) {
                           return a * b;
                         }
                         
                         higherOrderFunction(multiply); // Returns 6                      
                   
               

8. Callback Functions:
   • Functions passed as arguments to another function to be executed later.

                   
                       function fetchData(callback) {
                           // Fetch data asynchronously
                           const data = fetchDataFromServer();
                           callback(data);
                         }
                         
                         function process(data) {
                           // Process the fetched data
                           console.log(data);
                         }
                         
                         fetchData(process);                      
                   
               

9. Recursive Functions:
   • Functions that call themselves within their definition.

                   
                       function factorial(n) {
                           if (n === 0 || n === 1) {
                             return 1;
                           } else {
                             return n * factorial(n - 1);
                           }
                         }                      
                   
               

These different types of functions in JavaScript offer flexibility and are used in various scenarios based on their specific characteristics and functionalities.

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